Healthy Lifestyle

The tuberculosis bacteria mainly enter the body through the respiratory tract via droplets, causing pulmonary tuberculosis (accounting for 90% of tuberculosis cases). The bacteria invade the cells of the alveoli, creating bacterial reservoirs, then spread to the lymph nodes in the area and then to other tissues. Tuberculosis bacteria can also enter the body through … Read more

Fungal pneumonia is a type of lung infection caused by one or several opportunistic or endemic fungi. Fungal infections occur when spores are inhaled, or due to the reactivation of latent infections in individuals with weakened immune systems. The disease is difficult to diagnose as it can be mistaken for other common types of pneumonia. … Read more

Foreign bodies in the airway can occur at any age, but are most commonly found in children under the age of four, accounting for up to 75% of cases. It has been observed that boys are twice as likely as girls to experience this condition. Overview of Foreign Body in the Airway: A foreign body … Read more

The main treatment method for cases of sinus tumors is surgical removal. Treatment is simpler and more effective when the tumor is small, so early diagnosis is crucial. If left untreated, the tumor can become larger and more difficult and expensive to treat. Overview of benign sinus tumors Benign sinus tumors are abnormal growths of … Read more

Pleural empyema is a condition in which pus accumulates in the space between the lungs and the inner surface of the chest wall (pleural cavity). Empyema is often associated with pneumonia, but can also develop after chest surgery or trauma. What is Pleural Empyema? Unlike pleural effusion, which is a buildup of fluid in the … Read more

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common respiratory disorder characterized by early-stage damage primarily focused on the small airways and lung parenchyma. The disease can be prevented and treated. What is stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory condition characterized by inflammation of the bronchial mucosa that … Read more

Acute bronchitis exacerbation is a sudden worsening of chronic bronchitis with symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest tightness, wheezing, coughing, and recurrent episodes. Lung function indices such as peak flow or forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) are reduced by less than 60% compared to normal levels. What is acute bronchitis exacerbation? Acute … Read more

Sleep is a vital physiological need that helps the body restore its ability to work after a long, tiring day. Sleep disorders can have a significant impact on human health and quality of life. Sleep disorders have many manifestations, including difficulty falling asleep, shallow sleep, insomnia, nightmares, snoring, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). What … Read more

Pneumonia is one of the common respiratory diseases. Patients with pneumonia need to be properly cared for in order to recover quickly. Let’s learn some basic information about pneumonia and how to care for pneumonia patients through the following article! What is pneumonia? Pneumonia is an infection in the lungs, where the lung tissue becomes … Read more

1. GENERAL PRINCIPLE 1.1 Definition Osteoporosis is a common bone disorder characterized by a reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone quality, leading to a decrease in bone strength or toughness. Bone density is a measure of the amount of minerals in a certain area or volume of bone, and is a function of … Read more